.Net Full stack Interview Questions for Fresher with Answers – Full-stack .NET development involves working on both the front-end and back-end of applications using Microsoft’s .NET technologies. For freshers, full-stack .NET interview questions typically cover the fundamentals of .NET, C#, and web development with ASP.NET, as well as front-end technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
You may be asked about core .NET concepts, including the Common Language Runtime (CLR), object-oriented programming (OOPS) principles in C#, and working with frameworks like ASP.NET MVC or ASP.NET Core to build web applications. Questions on back-end development might involve database connectivity using ADO.NET or Entity Framework and building APIs or web services.
On the front-end, interviewers might test your knowledge of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and possibly front-end libraries like Angular or React (depending on the stack). You could also be asked about the model-view-controller (MVC) pattern, how to integrate front-end and back-end services, and best practices for ensuring smooth data flow between the client and server.
Familiarity with version control systems like Git, build tools such as MSBuild, and testing frameworks like NUnit or xUnit is also valuable. Overall, full-stack .NET interviews for freshers focus on a solid understanding of both back-end and front-end development using .NET technologies.
Here the most important Fullstack .Net Interview Questions for fresher with Answers
1.What is Fullstack development?
Fullstack development involves working on both frontend and backend of web applications. A Fullstack developer handles everything from UI/UX, business logic, database management, and server configuration.
2.What is the role of a Fullstack .NET Developer?
A Fullstack .NET Developer works on both the client-side and server-side of web applications, using ASP.NET for the backend and HTML, CSS, JavaScript, or Blazor for the frontend, integrating with SQL or NoSQL databases.
3.What is .NET Framework?
.NET Framework is a software framework developed by Microsoft that supports building and running desktop and web applications on Windows. It includes the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and a large library of pre-built classes.
4.What is .NET Core?
.NET Core is a cross-platform, open-source version of .NET. It enables developers to build applications for Windows, macOS, and Linux and is highly modular and lightweight compared to the full .NET Framework.
5.What is ASP.NET MVC?
ASP.NET MVC is a web application framework based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern. It allows developers to separate concerns in applications, making them easier to test and maintain.
6.What is Razor in ASP.NET?
Razor is a syntax used in ASP.NET to create dynamic web pages. It allows developers to embed C# code within HTML markup and is used with Razor Pages or ASP.NET MVC views.
7.What is Blazor?
Blazor is a UI framework for building interactive web applications using C# instead of JavaScript. It supports both Blazor Server and Blazor WebAssembly for building client-side applications.
8.What is Entity Framework?
Entity Framework (EF) is an Object-Relational Mapper (ORM) for .NET applications. It simplifies data access by allowing developers to interact with a database using C# objects instead of writing raw SQL queries.
9.What is Entity Framework Core?
Entity Framework Core is a lighter, more flexible, and cross-platform version of Entity Framework designed for use with .NET Core. It allows for efficient database interaction across multiple database providers.
10.What is LINQ?
Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) is a query syntax in C# and VB.NET that allows developers to query data from various sources, including collections, databases, and XML, using C#’s strong typing.
11.What is RESTful web services in ASP.NET?
RESTful web services are API services that follow REST architecture principles. ASP.NET Web API is commonly used to create RESTful APIs using HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.
12.What is a Web API in ASP.NET?
ASP.NET Web API is a framework for building HTTP services that can be consumed by various clients, such as browsers, mobile devices, or desktop applications. It is commonly used to create RESTful services.
13.What is the difference between Web API and WCF?
ASP.NET Web API is used to build RESTful services, whereas Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) supports SOAP-based services as well as other protocols like TCP and named pipes. Web API is lightweight and easier for HTTP services.
14.What is Dependency Injection (DI) in .NET?
Dependency Injection (DI) in .NET is a design pattern where dependencies are injected into a class rather than being instantiated directly. This promotes loose coupling and improves testability and maintainability.
15.What is ASP.NET Core?
ASP.NET Core is a cross-platform, high-performance framework for building modern cloud-based and internet-connected applications. It is a modular version of ASP.NET and can run on Windows, Linux, and macOS.
16.What is middleware in ASP.NET Core?
Middleware are components that form the request pipeline in an ASP.NET Core application. Each middleware processes HTTP requests, performing tasks like authentication, logging, or request handling, before passing it to the next middleware.
17.What is the difference between .NET Core and .NET Framework?
.NET Core is cross-platform, modular, and open-source, suitable for microservices and cloud applications, while .NET Framework is Windows-only and used for building large enterprise applications.
18.What is Microservices architecture?
Microservices architecture is an approach where an application is built as a collection of loosely coupled services, each focusing on a specific business function. ASP.NET Core is often used to build microservices.
19.What is Docker?
Docker is a platform for creating, running, and deploying containers. Containers encapsulate an application and its dependencies, making them portable and consistent across different environments.
20.What is Kubernetes?
Kubernetes is an open-source platform used for orchestrating and managing containerized applications in a clustered environment, often used with Docker to manage microservices at scale.
21.What is SignalR?
SignalR is a library for ASP.NET that enables real-time web functionality by adding the ability to push content updates from the server to clients, supporting scenarios like live chat or notifications.
22.What is OAuth2 in .NET?
OAuth2 is an authorization protocol that allows users to grant access to their resources on another platform without sharing credentials. In .NET, it is commonly used for securing Web APIs.
23.What is JWT?
JSON Web Token (JWT) is a compact token used for securely transmitting information between parties. It is often used in authentication and authorization mechanisms in ASP.NET Core applications.
24.What is Identity in ASP.NET Core?
ASP.NET Core Identity is a membership system that adds login functionality to your application. It provides features such as user registration, password recovery, and role management.
25.What is Razor Pages in ASP.NET Core?
Razor Pages is a page-based coding model in ASP.NET Core that simplifies MVC applications by combining controller and view logic in one place, making it easier to develop single-page web applications.
26.What is the difference between Razor Pages and MVC?
Razor Pages focuses on building page-centric applications, combining the controller and view in a single page, whereas MVC separates concerns into Model, View, and Controller components.
27.What is Model Binding in ASP.NET MVC?
Model Binding is the process by which ASP.NET MVC extracts data from an HTTP request and converts it into .NET objects for use in controllers. It simplifies form data handling and query string extraction.
28.What is a ViewModel in ASP.NET MVC?
A ViewModel is an object that encapsulates data and logic for the view in ASP.NET MVC. It helps separate the business logic from the presentation logic, making it easier to bind data to the view.
29.What is ViewData and ViewBag in ASP.NET MVC?
ViewData and ViewBag are used to pass data from the controller to the view in ASP.NET MVC. ViewData uses a dictionary object, while ViewBag uses dynamic properties.
30.What is TempData in ASP.NET MVC?
TempData is used to store temporary data that is available across redirects in ASP.NET MVC. It is mainly used to pass data between actions when redirecting from one action to another.
31.What is a Partial View in ASP.NET MVC?
A Partial View is a reusable section of a web page that can be rendered inside a main view. It is used to modularize views and can simplify code reuse in ASP.NET MVC applications.
32.What is Bundling and Minification in ASP.NET?
Bundling and Minification are optimization techniques in ASP.NET used to reduce the number of HTTP requests and compress JavaScript and CSS files, improving page load times.
33.What is Global.asax in ASP.NET?
The Global.asax file, also known as the ASP.NET application file, contains code for application-level events, such as Application_Start, Session_Start, and Application_Error.
34.What is caching in ASP.NET?
Caching in ASP.NET is used to temporarily store data on the client or server to improve performance. Output caching, data caching, and distributed caching (e.g., Redis) are common types of caching.
35.What is Role-based Authorization in ASP.NET?
Role-based Authorization is a mechanism in ASP.NET Core that restricts access to parts of an application based on a user’s role. It is often used to implement security for admin and user areas of the application.
36.What is the difference between ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC?
ASP.NET Web Forms is event-driven and uses a drag-and-drop approach for UI design, while ASP.NET MVC follows the MVC pattern and separates presentation, logic, and data, offering more control over HTML and CSS.
37.What is the ASP.NET Page Life Cycle?
The ASP.NET Page Life Cycle consists of various events like Page_Init, Page_Load, and Page_Render. Understanding these events helps developers control the behavior of pages during request processing.
38.What is IIS?
Internet Information Services (IIS) is a web server from Microsoft used to host ASP.NET applications. It handles HTTP requests, security, and session management.
39.What is SQL Server?
SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by Microsoft. Fullstack .NET developers commonly use it for data storage and retrieval in web applications.
40.What is ADO.NET?
ADO.NET is a data access technology in .NET used to interact with databases like SQL Server. It provides a bridge between an application and a database, enabling CRUD operations.
41.What is Dapper in .NET?
Dapper is a micro ORM for .NET that offers fast and easy database access compared to Entity Framework. It is lightweight and works by directly mapping SQL queries to C# objects.
42.What is ASP.NET Identity?
ASP.NET Identity is a system for managing authentication and authorization in ASP.NET applications. It supports features like password hashing, two-factor authentication, and OAuth integration.
43.What is Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in ASP.NET?
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack where unauthorized commands are sent from a user trusted by the web application. ASP.NET MVC mitigates CSRF by using anti-forgery tokens in forms.
44.What is the .NET CLI?
The .NET Command-Line Interface (CLI) is a set of tools for building, running, and publishing .NET Core applications from the command line. It is useful for automation and supports operations like dotnet build and dotnet publish.
45.What is middleware in ASP.NET Core?
Middleware in ASP.NET Core are components that handle HTTP requests and responses. They are used to implement features like authentication, logging, and caching.
46.What is Razor Pages?
Razor Pages is a simpler alternative to MVC in ASP.NET Core, allowing developers to build page-focused web applications by combining view and controller logic in a single file.
47.What is SignalR in ASP.NET Core?
SignalR is a library that enables real-time communication between a client and a server in ASP.NET Core, supporting features like live chat and real-time data updates.
48.What is Kestrel in .NET Core?
Kestrel is a cross-platform web server included with ASP.NET Core. It provides fast performance and can be used with or without IIS to host ASP.NET applications.
49.What is Swagger in ASP.NET Core?
Swagger is a tool used to generate interactive API documentation for ASP.NET Core Web APIs. It allows developers to test and visualize API endpoints directly from a web interface.
50.What is the difference between ASP.NET Core and ASP.NET MVC?
ASP.NET Core is a modular, cross-platform framework that supports both Razor Pages and MVC, while ASP.NET MVC is tied to the .NET Framework and used for building Windows-based applications.