Devops Interview Questions for Fresher with Answers

Devops Interview Questions for Fresher with Answers – DevOps is a set of practices that combines software development and IT operations to improve collaboration, automate processes, and accelerate software delivery. For freshers, DevOps interview questions typically focus on foundational concepts like continuous integration (CI), continuous delivery (CD), and automation, as well as common tools used in DevOps workflows.

You may be asked about basic Linux commands, scripting (often with Bash, Python, or Shell), and the importance of version control systems like Git. Questions might also cover the use of CI/CD tools like Jenkins, containerization with Docker, and orchestration with Kubernetes.

Other common topics include infrastructure as code (IAC) with tools like Terraform or Ansible, monitoring and logging practices, and the benefits of cloud services (e.g., AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud) in DevOps. Understanding how DevOps aims to streamline development, enhance collaboration, and improve deployment speed will be key to answering questions effectively in a DevOps interview.

Here the most important Devops Interview Questions for Fresher with Answers .

1. What is DevOps?

DevOps is a software development approach that integrates development and operations teams to improve collaboration, automation, and continuous delivery of software.

2. What are the core principles of DevOps?

Core principles of DevOps include collaboration, automation, continuous integration (CI), continuous delivery (CD), monitoring, and feedback loops.

3. What is Continuous Integration (CI)?

Continuous Integration (CI) is a practice where code changes are integrated into a shared repository frequently to ensure early detection of errors.

4. What is Continuous Delivery (CD)?

Continuous Delivery (CD) is the process of ensuring code is deployable at any time by automating the release process and enabling frequent deployments.

5. What is Continuous Deployment?

Continuous Deployment is a step beyond Continuous Delivery where every code change that passes tests is automatically deployed to production.

6. What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a DevOps practice of managing and provisioning infrastructure through code rather than manual processes.

7. What is version control, and why is it important?

Version control manages code changes over time, enabling collaboration and rollback if needed. It is crucial for tracking and managing code evolution.

8. What is Git?

Git is a distributed version control system widely used in DevOps for tracking changes, managing branches, and enabling collaborative development.

9. What is a CI/CD pipeline?

A CI/CD pipeline is a series of automated steps that include building, testing, and deploying code, facilitating continuous integration and continuous delivery.

10. What is Jenkins?

Jenkins is an open-source automation server used in DevOps for continuous integration and continuous delivery, offering a vast plugin ecosystem.

11. What is Docker?

Docker is a platform that uses containers to package and deploy applications with dependencies, allowing consistent deployment across environments.

12. What is a container?

A container is a lightweight, isolated environment that encapsulates an application and its dependencies, ensuring portability across different systems.

13. What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is an open-source platform for orchestrating containers, allowing scaling, deployment, and management of containerized applications.

14. What is a microservices architecture?

Microservices architecture breaks down an application into smaller, independent services that communicate via APIs, enabling scalability and flexibility.

15. What is Ansible?

Ansible is an open-source configuration management and automation tool used for deploying applications and managing infrastructure.

16. What is a playbook in Ansible?

An Ansible playbook is a YAML file that defines tasks for automation in a readable and structured way, enabling configuration and deployment management.

17. What is Terraform?

Terraform is an IaC tool for provisioning and managing cloud infrastructure in a declarative way, supporting multiple cloud providers.

18. What is the difference between Docker and a Virtual Machine (VM)?

Docker uses containers, which share the host OS and are lightweight, while a VM includes a full OS, making it heavier and more resource-intensive.

19. What is a deployment strategy?

A deployment strategy is a plan for how new code is released to production. Common strategies include blue-green, rolling, and canary deployments.

20. What is blue-green deployment?

Blue-green deployment is a strategy where two environments, blue (current) and green (new), are maintained, enabling seamless deployment and rollback.

21. What is canary deployment?

Canary deployment releases a new version to a small portion of users before fully deploying, allowing for testing and minimizing risk.

22. What is monitoring in DevOps?

Monitoring is tracking system performance and health to identify issues early. Tools like Prometheus and Nagios are commonly used.

23. What is logging?

Logging records events and errors within applications or systems, providing insights for troubleshooting and improving application stability.

24. What is Prometheus?

Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting tool designed for scalability and commonly used for real-time monitoring in DevOps.

25. What is Grafana?

Grafana is an open-source tool for visualizing data from various sources like Prometheus, allowing for the creation of dashboards to monitor metrics.

26. What is a build artifact?

A build artifact is a compiled version of the source code, typically packaged for deployment, such as JAR, WAR, or Docker images.

27. What is a rollback?

Rollback is the process of reverting an application to a previous stable version in case of failure or issues with the new release.

28. What is Load Balancing?

Load balancing distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers to ensure availability and prevent overload on any single server.

29. What is serverless architecture?

Serverless architecture allows deploying code without managing infrastructure, where cloud providers dynamically allocate resources as needed.

30. What is a cloud provider?

A cloud provider is a company offering cloud computing services, such as AWS, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and Microsoft Azure.

31. What is the principle of least privilege?

The principle of least privilege is a security concept where users have minimum access required to perform their jobs, reducing risk.

32. What is SSH?

SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol for securely connecting to remote systems, commonly used in DevOps for remote management of servers.

33. What is CI/CD in the context of DevOps?

In DevOps, CI/CD ensures rapid and reliable delivery of software by automating integration, testing, and deployment steps.

34. What is configuration management?

Configuration management is the practice of managing configuration files and settings for systems to ensure consistency across deployments.

35. What is Puppet?

Puppet is a configuration management tool used for automating tasks, managing infrastructure as code, and maintaining system consistency.

36. What is Chef?

Chef is a configuration management tool that uses recipes and cookbooks written in Ruby to automate infrastructure provisioning and configuration.

37. What is continuous feedback?

Continuous feedback involves collecting real-time insights from users and monitoring tools to improve the software development lifecycle.

38. What is autoscaling?

Autoscaling automatically adjusts the number of resources (e.g., servers) based on demand, ensuring cost efficiency and performance.

39. What is CI/CD toolchain?

A CI/CD toolchain is a combination of tools used for continuous integration and continuous delivery workflows, like Jenkins, GitLab, and Docker.

40. What is the role of DevOps Engineer?

A DevOps Engineer is responsible for bridging development and operations, automating pipelines, managing infrastructure, and ensuring CI/CD practices.

41. What is a container orchestration tool?

A container orchestration tool like Kubernetes manages the deployment, scaling, and operations of containerized applications.

42. What is fault tolerance?

Fault tolerance is a system’s ability to continue operating despite component failures, achieved through redundancy and load balancing.

43. What is GitOps?

GitOps is a DevOps practice where infrastructure is managed using Git repositories as the source of truth for automation and deployments.

44. What is artifact repository?

An artifact repository is a central location for storing build artifacts, allowing efficient version management and distribution.

45. What is SRE (Site Reliability Engineering)?

SRE is a discipline blending software engineering and operations to improve system reliability and scalability.

46. What is ELK Stack?

The ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) is a popular toolset for log management and data visualization in DevOps environments.

47. What is a service mesh?

A service mesh manages inter-service communication in a microservices environment, often using proxies to handle traffic routing.

48. What is a YAML file?

A YAML file is a human-readable format used in DevOps to define configurations for CI/CD pipelines, Kubernetes deployments, and Ansible playbooks.

49. What is a webhook?

A webhook is a mechanism that triggers actions in real-time based on specific events, commonly used to integrate services in DevOps.

50. What is rollback strategy?

A rollback strategy is a defined plan for reverting to a previous version during deployment in case of failure or issues with the new version.