Fullstack Php Interview Questions for Fresher with Answers – Full-stack PHP development involves working on both the back-end and front-end of web applications using PHP and related technologies. For freshers, full-stack PHP interview questions typically cover core PHP concepts, database interactions, and front-end technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
You may be asked about basic PHP syntax, data types, loops, functions, and how to handle forms and sessions in PHP. On the back-end, questions might focus on connecting to databases (usually MySQL) using PHP, understanding SQL queries, and using frameworks like Laravel or CodeIgniter to build web applications and APIs.
For front-end development, you could be asked about your knowledge of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and possibly front-end libraries like Bootstrap, React, or Angular. Interviewers may also cover how to integrate PHP with the front-end, use the model-view-controller (MVC) pattern, and ensure responsive and dynamic user interfaces.
Having a basic understanding of version control (like Git), server-side operations, and deployment practices, along with familiarity with tools like XAMPP or WAMP for local development, can also be beneficial. Overall, full-stack PHP interviews for freshers focus on your ability to develop both server-side logic and client-side functionality using PHP and modern web technologies.
Here the most important Fullstack Php Interview Questions for fresher with Answers .
1.What is Fullstack PHP development?
Fullstack PHP development refers to working on both the frontend and backend of web applications using PHP for server-side logic and technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the client-side.
2.What is PHP?
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used server-side scripting language designed for web development. It is embedded in HTML and is used to create dynamic web pages.
3.What is Laravel?
Laravel is a popular PHP framework that follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture. It offers features like routing, ORM (Eloquent), and templating engine (Blade), making web development faster and easier.
4.What is CodeIgniter?
CodeIgniter is a lightweight PHP framework known for its simplicity and speed. It also follows the MVC pattern and is often used for building scalable web applications with minimal setup.
5.What is an ORM in Laravel?
ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) in Laravel refers to Eloquent, which allows developers to interact with the database using PHP objects instead of writing raw SQL queries.
6.What is Composer in PHP?
Composer is a dependency manager for PHP that allows developers to manage project libraries and packages easily. It automates installation and updates for third-party libraries.
7.What is the MVC architecture in Laravel?
The MVC architecture in Laravel separates an application into three components: Model (data logic), View (presentation logic), and Controller (application logic). This promotes separation of concerns.
8.What is Blade in Laravel?
Blade is the templating engine provided by Laravel. It allows developers to embed PHP code within HTML, and offers features like template inheritance and section management.
9.What is the difference between include and require in PHP?
In PHP, both **include** and **require** are used to include files. However, **require** will produce a fatal error if the file is not found, while **include** will only produce a warning and allow the script to continue.
10.What is the difference between POST and GET in PHP?
GET sends data via the URL and is visible to users, whereas POST sends data through the HTTP request body, making it more secure for sensitive information like passwords.
11.What is an Artisan command in Laravel?
Artisan is the command-line interface (CLI) for Laravel, offering developers various commands to help automate tasks such as database migrations, creating controllers, and more.
12.What is CSRF protection in Laravel?
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) protection in Laravel helps prevent malicious cross-site requests by embedding CSRF tokens in forms to verify the authenticity of the request.
13.What is a migration in Laravel?
A migration in Laravel is a version control system for database schema changes. It allows developers to modify the database schema over time in a structured way using PHP code.
14.What is a session in PHP?
A session in PHP is a way to store user data across multiple pages during a user’s visit to a website. PHP sessions are stored on the server and can store variables like user credentials.
15.What is the .env file in Laravel?
The .env file in Laravel stores environment-specific configurations, such as database credentials, application settings, and third-party API keys. It helps separate configurations for different environments (e.g., development, production).
16.What is XAMPP?
XAMPP is an open-source cross-platform software stack that provides a local server environment for PHP development. It includes Apache, MySQL, PHP, and Perl.
17.What is the difference between == and === in PHP?
In PHP, **==** checks for value equality regardless of data type, while **===** checks for both value and data type equality (also known as strict comparison).
18.What is PDO in PHP?
PHP Data Objects (PDO) is a database access abstraction layer that provides a uniform way to interact with databases. It supports various database drivers like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite.
19.What is a middleware in Laravel?
A middleware in Laravel is a filter that runs before or after HTTP requests to handle actions like authentication, logging, or modifying request data.
20.What is the role of public and private in PHP?
In OOP (Object-Oriented Programming), the keywords **public** and **private** determine the visibility of class properties or methods. **public** allows access from anywhere, while **private** restricts access to within the class.
21.What is a closure in PHP?
A closure in PHP is an anonymous function that can capture variables from its surrounding scope. It is commonly used in callbacks and higher-order functions.
22.What is dependency injection in Laravel?
Dependency Injection (DI) is a design pattern where objects or dependencies are injected into a class at runtime rather than being hard-coded, promoting loose coupling in Laravel applications.
23.What is isset() in PHP?
The **isset()** function in PHP checks if a variable is set and is not null. It is commonly used for checking form data or session variables.
24.What is caching in Laravel?
Caching in Laravel is used to store frequently accessed data temporarily to improve performance. Laravel supports various cache drivers, such as Memcached, Redis, and file-based caching.
25.What is an API in PHP?
An API (Application Programming Interface) in PHP allows applications to communicate with each other using HTTP requests and responses. PHP can build RESTful APIs to send and receive data from other systems.
26.What is RESTful API in PHP?
A RESTful API in PHP adheres to REST principles like statelessness and CRUD operations through HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to interact with resources.
27.What is a route in Laravel?
A route in Laravel defines the URL pattern and the corresponding controller action or closure that handles the request. Laravel routes are defined in the **routes/web.php** file.
28.What is $_GET and $_POST in PHP?
**$_GET** and **$_POST** are superglobal arrays in PHP used to collect form data. **$_GET** collects data sent via URL parameters, and **$_POST** collects data sent through HTTP POST.
29.What is a model in Laravel?
A model in Laravel represents a database table and contains methods for interacting with the data in that table using Eloquent ORM.
30.What is session hijacking in PHP?
Session hijacking is an attack where a malicious user gains unauthorized access to another user’s session data by stealing the session ID. PHP can prevent session hijacking through secure session handling techniques.
31.What is the echo statement in PHP?
The **echo** statement in PHP is used to output text or variables to the browser. It is one of the most common ways to display dynamic content in web pages.
32.What is MySQL in PHP?
MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that is commonly used with PHP to store and retrieve data. PHP interacts with MySQL via extensions like MySQLi and PDO.
33.What is route model binding in Laravel?
Route model binding in Laravel automatically injects a model instance into routes based on the URL parameters. It simplifies passing models directly to controllers.
34.What is the difference between include_once and require_once?
Both **include_once** and **require_once** ensure that a file is only included once, but **require_once** will throw a fatal error if the file is missing, while **include_once** will throw a warning.
35.What is PSR in PHP?
PSR (PHP Standard Recommendation) is a set of coding standards and guidelines for PHP development. PSR-1, PSR-2, and PSR-4 are common standards related to coding style and autoloading.
36.What is namespace in PHP?
A namespace in PHP allows developers to organize classes, interfaces, and functions to avoid name collisions between libraries or modules within the same project.
37.What is $_SESSION in PHP?
The **$_SESSION** superglobal in PHP is used to store session variables on the server, enabling user-specific data to be accessed across multiple pages in a web application.
38.What is asset versioning in Laravel?
Asset versioning in Laravel helps avoid browser cache issues when updating CSS or JavaScript files by appending a unique version string to the asset’s URL.
39.What is SQL injection in PHP?
SQL injection is a security vulnerability where an attacker can insert malicious SQL queries into input fields, compromising the database. Prepared statements and parameterized queries can prevent SQL injection.
40.What is a helper function in Laravel?
Helper functions in Laravel are predefined functions that simplify common tasks like string manipulation, array handling, or HTTP request processing.
41.What is var_dump() in PHP?
The **var_dump()** function in PHP displays structured information, including type and value, of a variable. It is often used for debugging purposes during development.
42.What is a facade in Laravel?
A facade in Laravel provides a static interface to an underlying class in the service container. It offers convenient access to commonly used functionalities, like cache, request, and session.
43.What is try-catch in PHP?
The **try-catch** block in PHP is used for exception handling. The **try** block contains code that might throw an exception, and the **catch** block defines how to handle that exception.
44.What is the purpose of header() in PHP?
The **header()** function in PHP is used to send HTTP headers to the browser. It can be used to redirect users, specify content types, or control caching behavior.
45.What is $_COOKIE in PHP?
The **$_COOKIE** superglobal in PHP is used to access HTTP cookies stored on the user’s browser. Cookies are often used for session tracking and persistent user data.
46.What is API rate limiting in Laravel?
API rate limiting in Laravel restricts the number of API requests a user can make within a given time frame. It helps prevent denial of service (DoS) attacks and ensures fair resource distribution.
47.What is json_encode() in PHP?
The **json_encode()** function in PHP converts a PHP array or object into a JSON string, which is useful when sending data in APIs or AJAX responses.
48.What is redirect() in Laravel?
The **redirect()** function in Laravel is used to redirect users to another URL or route. It helps implement functionalities like login redirects or error handling.
49.What is database seeding in Laravel?
Database seeding in Laravel refers to populating the database with dummy data for testing purposes. It is done via seeders, which can be generated using the Artisan command-line tool.
50.What is cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) in Laravel?
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a security feature that controls which domains can access your web application’s resources via HTTP requests. Laravel includes middleware to configure CORS policies.
